康德的时间图型学说及其现象学解释

On Kant's Time Graphics and its Phenomenological Interpretation

《纯粹理性批判》的总问题是 :先天综合判断是如何可能的 ?分析这个基本问题 ,我们发现先导性的问题是 :对象意识是如何构成的 ?在感性论中 ,康德把时间规定为人的感性直观能力 ,是接受对象给予的初步条件 ;通过先验演绎 ,康德证明了对象意识构造的可能性 ;时间图型学说则具体说明了对象意识的构造机制。时间图型学说对批判哲学具有重要意义 ,但由于其本身也存在一些问题 ,这导向了现象学的解读。胡塞尔的现象学可视为批判哲学的完成 ;海德格尔对时间图型的解释则开启了一种新的可能性。

Kant's Critique of Pure Reason aims at “what leads to innate comprehensive judgement?' and “How is object consciousness formed?' which challenges us first. Kant defines time as the direct perceptual ability of mankind and the preliminary condition given by the receptor. Through transcendental deduction, Kant proved the possibility of the forming of object consciousness and his time graphics interprets the mechanism of object consciousness. Kant's time graphics has great significance to critical philosophy but has some weak-points which lead to a phenomenological interpretation. Husserl's phenomenology can be regarded as the establishment of critical philosophy while Heidegger's interpretation of time graphics offers a new possibility.