胸腔镜下前路矫形术治疗特发性胸椎侧凸的初步临床结果

The preliminary clinical results of anterior thoracoscopic correction for thoracic idiopathic scoliosis

目的总结胸腔镜下前路矫形术治疗特发性胸椎侧凸的临床应用初步结果,并分析其适应证的选择与疗效。方法2002年6月～2003年5月共施行胸腔镜下前路胸椎侧凸矫形术8例,均为女性特发性右侧胸椎侧凸患者,年龄13～16岁,平均14.8岁。术前冠状面Cobb角40°～72°,平均54°。例为KingⅢ型,2例为KingⅡ型,1例为KingⅤ型。Risser征(+++)～(++++)。胸弯在Bending相X线片上的自动矫正率为60%～75%。胸椎矢状面形态正常,无明显后凸和前凸畸形。对8例患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、固定节段、矫正效果以及近期的矫正丢失等进行分析。结果平均手术时间为6.0h,平均术中出血量为629ml,平均术后引流量为500ml,平均固定节段7.4个,术后Cobb角平均15°,Cobb角矫正率平均74%。全部病例随访3～12个月,平均6.5个月。平均矫正丢失率为8.3%,但尚无内固定并发症发生。结论与传统开放前路或后路胸椎侧凸矫形手术相比,胸腔镜下前路矫形术同样能使特发性胸椎侧凸获得满意的早期矫形效果;但该术式存在手术时间长、难度大、适应证相对较窄、术者过量接受X线等缺点,其远期效果和并发症的评估尚待长期随访。

Objective To present the preliminary clinical results of anterior thoracoscopic correction for thoracic idiopathic scoliosis and consider its ind ications. Methods Between June 2002 and May 2003, 8 female patients with a diagn osis of right thoracic idiopathic scoliosis were selected to undergo thoracoscop ic instrumentation, correction and fusion using Eclipse system. The average age at surgery was 14.8 years (ranged from 13 to 16 years). The average preoperative Cobb angle was 54° (ranged fom 40° to 72°). 5 had idiopathic thoracic curves of King type Ⅲ, 2 of King type Ⅱ, and 1 of King type Ⅴ. The Risser sign rang ed from (+++) to (++++). The bending films of the thoracic curves showed a flexi bility of 60%-75%. The thoracic sagittal profiles remained normal without obviou s kyphosis or lordosis. In all cases the rotation of the top vertebra of scolios is was of degree Ⅰ. The operative time, blood loss, postoperative drainage, the number of instrumented levels, curve correction and loss of correction were ana lyzed. Results The instrumented levels were from T5 to T12. The average number o f instrumented levels for each patient was 7.4. The operative time averaged 6 ho urs. The blood loss during surgery averaged 629 ml (ranged from 400 to 800 ml), with no blood transfusions being required, except in one case. The average posto perative drainage was 500 ml. The postoperative Cobb angle was 15° on average w ith curve correction of 74%. With an average follow-up period of 6.5 months (ran ged from 3 to 12 months), the loss of correction averaged 8.3%. No hardware comp lications occurred. Conclusion Compared to the open anterior and posterior surge ry, the thoracoscopic Eclipse instrumentation is a safe and an effective way to correct thoracic idiopathic scoliosis with similar short-term postoperative resu lts. However, challenging issues remain. These included long operative time, hig h technical requirement, relatively limited indication and large radiation expos ure. Again, further research is needed to study its long-term impact.