《史记》、《汉书》失载西南夷若干史实考辨

Textual Criticism on Lost Record of the Several Historical Facts of Southwest Ethnic Minorities in "the Historical Records" and "the Book of Han Dynasty

西汉元鼎六年,司马迁奉使巴、蜀以南,亲履今四川西昌、汉源一带,以后根据见闻在《史记》中记载了西南夷。《汉书》大量抄录《史记》相关记载并有所补充。综合汉代及稍后史籍相关零散记载,对武帝时期、昆明的迁徙活动,、昆明被西汉、滇国打败,以及武帝开通博南山道路及经营哀牢地区的史实做了细致考证,可知《史记》遗漏了发生在元鼎六年之后西南夷的若干史实,原因是事件发展过程尚未结束,司马迁对情况了解有限;而《汉书》则失载武帝中后期西南夷的若干史实,主要原因是沿袭《史记》的说法,对相关史实疏于考证。

In the sixth year of Yuan-ding in West Han dynasty,Simaqian received orders to send on a diplomatic mission to the South of Ba and Shu districts,and went to the Xichang and Hanyuan districts of modern Sichuan,after that he recorded the southwest ethnic minorities in 'the Book of Historians' according to what he saw and heard.'The Book of Han Dynasty' made a clear copy from 'the Book of Historians' and gave some complements.Synthesizing the relative scattered records of the historical material from Han Dynasty and later time,and making a meticulous textual criticism for the historical facts during the time of Emperor Hanwudi,we could know that the lost records 'The book of Histroians' are several historical facts of southwest ethnic minorities after the sixth ywar of Yuan-ding because then Simaqian's known information about southwest ethnic minorities was limited,and the lost records of 'The Book of Han Dynasty' are several historical facts of southwest ethnic minorities during the middle-later time of Emperor Hanwudi because 'The Book of Han Dynasty' followed views of 'The Book of Historicans' and was negligent of textual criticism on relative historical material.