萨满活动角色与“我”的分身术——萨满教文化与先锋小说

Role of Shaman and Narrator in the Avant-garde Novels

无论从叙述主体还是叙述方式来考察,萨满教对先锋小说都起到了启蒙的作用。可以说,马原的先锋小说既与拉美魔幻现实主义等外来影响相关,同时也是本土文化萨满教影响的结果。萨满是神界与人间的沟通者,跳神时萨满的灵魂可以暂时离开身体,自由地往来于天地之间。而先锋小说中的叙述主体"我",往往既是叙述人又是作者本人,同时,也可能被随时置换为其他人。叙述主体"我"分身有术,变幻莫测。"我"与萨满在功能和作用上达到了默契和一致。

There are many function and feature in common between primitive Shaman Religion and the Avant-garde novels.Shaman is divided into two roles,one is himself,another is supernatural being,this can exchange emotions between the people and gods.The narrator in the Avant-garde novels makes many out-standing questions,the narrator 'I' have various free identities at the same time,this is similar to the shaman's magic role.