现实主义学派的联盟理论及其对美国外交政策的影响

The Alliance Theory of the Realism and Its Effect on American Foreign Policy

现实主义学派是国际政治学的主流学派。该学派的美国学者对联盟理论的研究颇有建树,其研究成果对美国外交政策的制定产生了重要的影响。传统现实主义学派从联盟行为主义理论、势力均衡理论和地缘联盟理论等领域对联盟的建立、联盟的巩固、联盟在美国国家利益实现中的作用等方面进行了深入的研究。新现实主义学派则从"威胁平衡论"和"联盟困境论"的视角,分析了威胁在联盟形成过程中的作用、成本和收益的权衡所产生的联盟困境问题,弥补了传统现实主义的研究缺陷,丰富和发展了联盟理论。

The Realism is one of the main schools in international politics. It enjoys the fame on the research area of alliance. Traditional Realism studies the alliance problem from the theory of Alliance Activism, a Power Balance and the formation of the alliance, Geographic Strategy and the enhancement of the alliance. Nonetheless, the Neo-realism develop the alliance theory by making up the shortcomings of Traditional Realism research from the aspects of Threat and alliance's function on maintain the balance, Capital and Income's function on the formation of the alliance.