我国开展面向公共决策技术评价的社会制度环境分析

Social and Institutional Environment for Public Decision-making Oriented Technology Assessment

中国开展科技评价的思想是立足于为特定群体(包括政府、企业和学术机构)服务的,尚缺乏从公共决策的角度出发,基于社会的总体福利需求,全面考虑技术的社会、环境、战略等影响。然而,开展面向公共决策技术评价并不仅仅是构建一个技术评价机制和流程,尤其是随着人们对经济和社会认识的不断深化,公共决策存在从单一准则的政府决策向多准则、多层次的公众参与决策发展的趋势。本文从公众科学素养、公众参与科技决策传统和中国政治体制变革三个方面对中国开展面向公共决策技术评价的社会制度环境进行了分析,并由此提出了完善中国科技评价体系的政策建议。

Technology assessment in China mainly serves special groups, including government, enterprises and academic institutions.As a result, such technology assessment is short of the consideration of social, environmental and strategic aspects of a technology, lacking public decision-making and social welfare views. Authors believe that the government shall line up standards and indexes reflecting the social and public aspects for such assessment. The social environment has a noticeable weight in determining the modes and impacts of technology assessment. This paper analyses the social environment from three aspects, including science literacy of the population, traditional public participation in S&T decision-making, and China's political system reform. Response strategies are put forward in the paper for improving China's S&T assessment system.