中国产业发展的道路和战略选择

Way and Strategic Choice for the Development of China's Industries

中国作为一个发展中国家,在经济发展的一定时期,其工业化过程必然表现为发达工业化国家的产业转移。因此,中国大多数产业的发展将经历三个阶段:幼稚期、成熟期和强壮期。为了向产业发展的第三阶段拓展,企业战略大致可有三种选择:品牌导向战略、产能导向战略和因势借势战略。战略选择的关键可能并不是什么样的战略更正确和更可取,而在于谁有动机实施某种战略。企业战略选择不仅仅以利益关切性为转移,而且是由纯理性因素和越理性因素所共同决定的。从一定意义上可以说,纯理性是世俗的理性和无差异的理性,越理性是信仰的理性和有差异的理性。因此,企业战略选择决不仅仅是纯理性的逻辑推演结果,而是以一定的价值观为基础的“理想”追求和“使命”驱动。国家产业发展战略选择也具有某种相似之处,也总是基于一定的理性基础,而这种理性不仅仅以纯理性判断为准则,而且必然含有强烈的越理性因素,包括民族的、伦理的以及各种人文的价值观准则。因此,可行的产业发展战略必须以科学的发展观为基础,其价值体现不仅是顺应客观规律,而且要满足于实现一定的社会合意性目标。

China as a developing country, its process of industrialization shows industrial transformation of developed countries at a certain stage of economic development. Therefore, the development of China's most industries will go through three stages: infant, mature and sturdy. There are three choices for business strategy in order to enlarge the development of third stage: brand-oriented strategy, production capacity-oriented strategy and strategy based on use of circumstance. The key to strategic choice might not be what kind of strategy is more correct or more desirable, but relying on whom is intention to implement one of the three strategies. The choice of business strategy is not only transformation of interests concern over, but also decides on pure-rational factor and over-rational factor. Pure rationality in a sense is a secular rationality and no different rationality. Therefore, the choice of business strategy is not only a logic inference of pure rationality, but also is a pursuit in 'ideal' and a motive of 'mission' based on certain value. The strategic choice of national industrial development is similar to that of the business strategy and is based on certain rationality as well, the rationality is not only a norm with pure-rational judgment, but also contents a strong over-rational factor, including nationality, ethics and various value norms of human. Therefore, the strategy of industrial development available must base on development viewpoint of science, its value not only shows complying with objective law, but also needs to realize the certain target of social satisfaction.