电力市场中的市场势力及其治理

Market Power and Its Governance in Electric Power Market

电力市场中市场势力受供给和需求刚性、市场竞争政策和制度安排,以及输电堵塞等因素影响表现出特殊性。电力市场势力不仅受到主导企业市场份额的影响,还更多地受企业之间战略相互作用或博弈效应、市场需求弹性、竞争性边缘企业供给弹性、边缘企业的市场份额等因素的影响。这些因素与电力生产经营过程中的技术性结合在一起,使规制很难有效进行,在电力市场中产生了明显的市场势力结果。限制电力市场中市场势力的根本途径是设计特别的市场竞争政策和交易制度。

Owing to characteristics of the operation of power market, the market power in power market is really complicated. Firstly, power market is connected to and determined by the operational situation of electric power grid and operational technology, difficult to measure precisely. Secondly, power market is not only affected by market share of dominated companies, but also concretely by many other factors such as strategic interactions among companies, elasticity of demand, the elasticity of supply of the companies involved next into competition and the market shares of these companies. Together with the operational technology of the electric power grid, these factors make common regulation invalid, and the consequence is that market power exists apparently in power market. In fact, the practices in both England power market and California power market in United States have shown its exercise.