上犹社溪方言实词的兼类与活用

Multiple Parts of Speech and Flexible Application on Content Words in She Xi's Dialect in Shangyou County

当语言中的一个新词诞生以后 ,只要表示与之相关的动作变化或状态的动词或形容词没有产生 ,就很可能直接用这个词来表示这种相关的动作变化或状态。因此 ,词的兼类是各种语言或方言、或各个不同时期的同一语言中常见的现象。在语言的发展史上 ,尽可能减少词的兼类现象 ,特别是通过形态变化等手段把兼类的词分化为不同的词 ,还有些词存在活用现象 ,显得很有地方特色。从此角度说 ,客家方言保留着较多的古语痕迹。

After a new word comes up in a language,it may be used directly to indicate the change in action or state before the related verb or adjective appears.So,it is a common phenomenon for a word to have multiple parts of speech in all languages or dialects,or a language in different stages.In the history of language development,these words should be reduced as much as possible. Especially,these morphological change should be used to separate them into different ones. It seems to be striking local characteristics for words with flexible application.From this point of view,the Hakka dialect remains much influence of ancient language.