“过牧”的制度解释及治理的制度设计——对玛曲县人草畜紧张关系的制度经济学思考

An Institutional Explanation of "Over-grazing" and Institutional Design of a Control System

黄河源区草地生态环境的恶化趋势,并没有因近几年政策的投入而得到遏制。因此,有必要对其形成原因及治理的制度结构进行分析,以厘清此类地区实现可持续发展所必需的制度创新。以黄河源区的玛曲县近三十年过牧历史为案例,对高寒牧区制度变迁中的路径依赖和锁定问题进行了新的阐释,并对可持续性的制度框架进行了设计。

The deterioration process of the ecological environment in the Yellow River source region has not yet been under control, even with government capital input in recent years. Therefore, it is necessary to make an analysis of the reasons behind the deterioration and of the institutional structure for its control, for the purpose of promoting institutional innovation that is required for sustainable development. The paper makes a case study of the 30-year over-grazing history in Maqu county that is located in the river source region, gives a new explanation of the path dependence and lock-in problem in the institutional changes in high and cold pasture areas and designs an institutional framework for sustainable development.