腐败来源资金转移的预防与监测——来自《联合国反腐败公约》的启示

To Prevent and Detect Transfers of Illicitly Acquired Assets from Corruption

公职人员腐败与洗钱尤其是跨国洗钱的联系十分紧密。腐败分子在实施犯罪时 ,一般伴随着非法来源资金的转移。因此 ,建立一个完善的非法来源资金转移的预防与监测机制 ,将有助于从源头上预防和控制腐败犯罪。《联合国反腐败公约》为各国勾勒了一个腐败资金转移预防与监测的机制框架 ,具体包括核实客户身份、强化审查制度、身份与交易记录、对空壳银行的管制、财产申报制度以及金融情报机构建设等。其中 ,金融机构或者说金融法律制度的任务很重。我国的腐败犯罪十分严重 ,当前 ,党和政府在打击腐败方面显示了坚定的决心。我国的金融机构、金融监管机构乃至金融立法工作者要想在反腐败方面发挥应有的作用 ,就必须确保《公约》

The corruption of public officials has much to do with money-laundering. It is common for those offenders to transfer illicitly acquired assets internally or internationally when committing the crime. So it is urgent to set up a more effective system to prevent, detect and deter transfers of illicitly acquired assets from corruption.The United Nations Convention Against Corruption frames out an overall system to prevent and supervise those transfers. In the system are to verify the identity of customers, to conduct enhanced scrutiny of accounts, to detect and report suspicious transactions, to maintain records of accounts and transactions, to supervise shell banks, to establish effective financial disclosure system, and to establish financial intelligence unit. Corruption is one of the most important problems in China.It is necessary for our financial institutions, organs, and legislative bodies to implement the rules of the convention.