中国农村计划生育夫妇养老问题及其社会养老保障机制研究

Study on Social Security for the Once Family Planned Elderly Couples in Rural China

传统的家庭养老保障制度是建立在人力自然储蓄基础之上的家庭内部资源代际交换机制,在中国经济、社会和人口的迅速转变条件下,该制度安排已经面临着严重挑战。文章认为由于计划生育家庭传统养老方式的人力基础已经被大大削弱,如果政府不能及时做出有效的应对,计划生育夫妇在老年时期陷入贫困的几率将会大大增加。在某种意义上,国家生育计划政策是对农民传统养老资源的一种制度性剥夺,因此,国家有责任对农村计划生育夫妇养老的经济保障做出制度性安排,而建立计划生育夫妇社会养老保障制度是对其养老资源损失的最好代偿方式。

Traditional arrangement of family support for the elderly is built on the mechanism of inter-generation exchange of economic resources within family. This traditional arrangement has been challenged by the faster economic, social and demographic transitions. Because the human resources supporting the once family planned elderly couples has been slashed, the probability of poverty for these couples will increase greatly, if the government does not timely implement effective supporting policies. It is the policy of family planning which reduces the transitional economic resources supporting the elderly family planned couples in rural areas, so the government has responsibility to institutionalize a mechanism in securiing them. To establish the social security program for the family planned couples in rural areas is the best way to compensate the loss of the couples due to complying with the family planning policy.