MC1R是控制鸡黑色素形成的候选主效基因

MC1R Is The Candidate Gene Regulating Melanin Synthesis in Chicken

黑素皮质素受体 1(melanocortin 1 receptor ,MC1R)基因是控制动物黑色素合成的重要基因 .采用多聚酶链反应 单链构象多态性分析 (PCR SSCP)以及DNA测序的方法 ,在由丝羽乌骨鸡与明星肉鸡为亲本建立的中国农业大学资源家系群体鸡MC1R基因的编码区检测到 3个单核苷酸多态位点 ,并对该单核苷酸多态性进行了分析 .结果显示 ,鸡MC1R基因编码区引物 3扩增片段多态性是由G→A (86 7位 )点突变引起的 ,引物 5扩增片段的多态性是由C→T (12 92位 )与C→G (1377位 )两个点突变引起的 ,最后对单核苷酸多态性与肤色、肉色、胫色与内脏膜色等黑色素性状进行了卡方独立性分析 ,结果显示 ,MC1R基因编码区 86 7处突变与鸡的肤色性状显著相关 (P <0 0 5 ) ,12 92处突变与鸡的活体胫色性状显著相关 (P <0 0 5 ) ,1377处突变与鸡的肉色性状显著相关 (P <0 0 5 ) .研究表明 。

Melanocortin 1-receptor (MC1R) gene is a key gene in melanogenesis in mammal. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in MC1 R gene exon using PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing in chicken. Then these SNPs were analyzed in a CAU three-generation chicken population whose founder population are broiler and white-silk chickens. The result of these analysis indicated that the polymorphisms of the amplified fragment of primer pair 3 is due to a single point mutation G867A, and primer pair 5 is due to two other single point mutations C1292T and C1377G. Lastly, the relations between SNPs and chicken melanin traits were analyzed, the results showed that there was significant correlation ( P < 0. 05) between the G867A mutation and chicken skin color, between the C1292T mutation and chicken live body shank color and between the C1377G mutation and chicken meat color. The results of the study indicated that MC1R gene is the candidate gene that regulates melanin traits in chicken.