生物传感器的应用研究进展

Application and Development of Biosensors

生物传感器是一门由生物、化学、物理、医学、电子技术等多种学科互相渗透成长起来的高新技术 ,是一种将生物感应元件的专一性与一个能够产生和待测物浓度成比例的信号传导器结合起来的分析装置。由于其具有选择性好、灵敏度高、分析速度快、成本低、能在复杂体系中进行在线连续监测的特点 ,已在生物、医学、环境监测、食品、医药、及军事医学等领域显示出广阔的应用前景 ,引起了世界各国的极大关注。综述了生物传感器的基本原理、分类、特点及在环境监测、食品分析、生物医学和军事上的应用 ,并对其发展前景进行了展望。

Biosensors are analytical devices composed of a recognition element of biological origin and a physico-chemical transducer.The biological element is capable of sensing the presence,activity or concentration of a chemical analyte in solution.The sensing takes place either as a binding event or a biocatalytical event.These interactions produce a measurable change in a solution property,which the transducer converts into a quantifiable electrical signal.The principles,types and applications of biosensors in environmental inspection,food production,clinical medicine and military defence were reviewed,and the trends in research were predicted. ;