中国古代文化中孔子形象的三维透视

On the Three Dimensional Perspective of the Image of Confucius in Ancient Chinese Culture

在中国漫长的封建社会里,人们总是按时代的要求和各自利益的需要,来重新阐述孔子思想,勾勒孔子形象。古代散文家们以务实求真的态度,描绘了孔子二重组合的性格特征,塑造出一个鲜活的孔子形象;而孔子在思想、文化史上的巨大贡献,以及人们从中获得种种启迪而形成的崇敬心态,则使士大夫文人将孔子形象加以简化、单一、拔高,变成了无与伦比、只可仰视的"圣";由于统治者和野心家的政治需要,御用文人则按既定目标,想方设法将孔子打扮成了"神";而民间文学传奇的讲述方式,无形中又给孔子形象抹上了神秘的色彩。总之,这些异彩纷呈的孔子形象,既是我国古代政治、思想发展演变的生动记录,也是我国文学史上十分独特的"人物形象"景观。

In the long period of Chinese feudal society,people gave various interpretations to Confucian Thought and remould the image of confucius according to their respective interests and the needs of times.Ancient essayists depicted confucius as having dual character,creating a living confucius;court writers simplified,singlized and elevated confucius to the degree of 'saint' in view of his great contribution to Chinese ideology and culture.Hired scholars portrayed confucius as 'god';and folk literature,influenced by the above three,added a mysterious tint to the image of confucius.In a word,the various images of confucius are a vivid record of political and ideological evolution of ancient China and unique view in the history of Chinese literature.