形式显示的现象学——海德格尔早期弗莱堡讲座研究

Phenomenology of Formal Manifestation

本文讨论海德格尔早期弗莱堡讲座中的现象学。作者从题域和方法两个角度上探讨海德格尔这个时期的形式显示现象学。就题域来说,海德格尔试图突破胡塞尔现象学的“知识”或“理论”局限,深入到“前理论的”层面,即所谓前理论的“原始东西”;就方法来说,海德格尔沉思和实践了他所谓的“形式显示”的思路和言路,以此力求与传统哲学的形式化思想方法划界。作者认为,“形式显示”的现象学方法乃是海德格尔在《存在与时间》之前的现象学哲思的最富特色和创意的成分;而由于这种方法上的探索也影响到后期海德格尔的思想道路,因此一般而言,它也标志着海德格尔全部思想的现象学特质。

It is an effort to anchor the phenomenological theorems developed in the Heidegger's early Freiburg lectures given between 1919 - 1923. The present author starts from Heidegger's thematic explorations and methodological innovations in these lectures and locates the layout of his phenomenology of formal indication at this period. Thematically, it is found that Heidegger went beyond the ' epistemological' or 'theoretical' boundary of the Husserlian phenomenology and ventured into what is still ' pre - theoretical , i. e. the so - called pre - theoretical primordial . Methodologically, Heidegger reflected, tested and practiced in his thinking and speech the meaning potential and the conceptual efficacy of what he termed ' formal indication' as a step away from the tendency of formalization in traditional philosophy. It is believed that the phenomenological methodology based on the scheme of ' formal indication' is the most idiosyncratic and innovative part of Heidegger's phenomenological broodings that eventually leads to Beingand Time. Due to the fact that this methodological enlightenment in his youthful exploration echoed in that painful philosophical groping at the end of his intellectual life, it is safe to state that his thinking on formal indication' characterizes the phenomenological aspect of all his writings.