不同历史时期谬误研究的特点

On the Characteristics of the Error - Study in Various Periods

本文主要讨论了不同时期逻辑学家对逻辑谬误研究的特点。古希腊时期对谬误作出全面系统研究的是亚里士多德。亚里士多德对谬误的解决方法一般地说是经验的,没有形成一套行之有效的规则。文艺复兴时期,培根等人批判经院哲学,探讨了人类产生谬误的根源。这时期的谬误研究特点是:一是重视在归纳法的应用中产生的谬误;二是突出逻辑问题。现代逻辑学家如柯比等人则在前人的基础上,对谬误作出了更全面、更精确的分类,并且对各种谬误的解释和举例也更确切,从而使谬误理论更好地为实践服务。

In this paper, we discuss the character of error - studing at various times. In ancient Greek times, the first man who studied errors systematically was Aristotle. Howevey, his treatment to errors mainly through experience, and the classification of errors which made by Aristotle is not very reasonable . In the beginning of sixteenth century, F · Bacon criticized all kinds of prejudice which appeared in that time, inquired into the root cause of errors. The character of error - studing in this time was to pay attention to errors of induction and to stress the problems which related to logic. Modern logicians have made the classification of errors overall and exactly, the explanation which they have made to the errors are more reasonable.