论“历史文献考证法”与“历史比较法”的结合——兼议汉语研究中的“犬马鬼魅法则”

Enantiosemy and Dialectics

“历史文献考证法”与“历史比较法”都是传统的方法,如今都应该珍重、继承、发扬。褒此抑彼,或只取其一,都有碍于学术发展。笔者认为,研究汉语史的最佳方法,或者最佳方法之一是将“历史文献考证法”与“历史比较法”结合、融会,这是新的“二重证据法”,笔者提倡此法。也运用此法,写成《“颜之推谜题”及其半解》。笔者还提出语言研究中的“犬马鬼魅法则”,指出“鬼魅犬马化”和“犬马鬼魅化”都是值得警惕的现象,实事求是是语言研究的基石,是语言学人的灵魂。

Classic Literature Research Method and Historical Comparative Method both should be cherished, and carried forward. It would impede the academic development if we look down upon either of them. The author believes the best approach or one of the best approaches is to combine the two methods. This is a new 'double proof method', with which the author has written the article Yan Zhitui's Puzzle and My Explanation. The author also puts forward the 'Dog-Ghost-Law' and points out that the practice of regarding dog as ghost or vise versa should be guarded against. Seeking truth from facts is the basis of linguistic research and the soul of linguists.