4～6岁儿童直接推理能力及策略的实验研究

An Experiment on the Direct Inference Ability and Strategies of 4～6 Year-old Children

采用定量与定性相结合的研究方法 ,对 4～ 6岁儿童的直接推理能力进行了实验研究 ,结果表明 :(1)学前儿童萌发了语言条件下的直接推理能力 ,但年龄发展效应并不明显 ;(2 )对于学前儿童而言 ,否定前提下的直接推理并不比肯定前提下的难。但是 ,如果进行了反义词的转换 ,同样的任务 ,却增加了肯定前提下直接推理的任务难度 ,而对否定前提下的直接堆理没有影响 ;(3)学前儿童在直接推理时多种策略并存。随着年龄的增长 ,有效策略的生成能力有了明显的提高 ,但有效策略的使用能力并没有与有效策略的生成能力同步发展 ,而是表现为落后的趋势。

The purpose of the study was to investigate the development of elementary schoolers in direct inference and analyze the strategies children used during reasoning.The participants were 72 children randomly selected from kindergartens including three groups aged 4,5 and 6 with an equal number of boys and girls in each group.The tests were carried out individually.The methodology of the study was characterized by qualitative and quantitative analyses.The results showed that:(1)children bourgeoned this kind of direct inference ability,but with no significant developmental effects of age;(2)the cognitive capacity under an affirmative premise was no better than that under a negative premise.If there was semantic reverse between the premise and problem,the task's difficulty under affirmative premises increased.(3)the capacity of creating effective strategy increased with age,but the capacity of using effective strategy did not increase simnltaneously.