危险品罐区突发性泄漏事故实时环境风险模拟分析

Real-time environment risk analysis for accident release of hazardous materials around tank area

分析了危险品罐区突发性泄漏事故的动态发展过程,并给出了具体的数学描述.将危险物质的最高允许浓度(MAC)、阈限值(TLV)、最小致死浓度(LCL0)以及美国环保局(EPA)工业环境实验室建立的针对生态系统的周围多介质环境目标值AMEGAE引入到环境风险分析中,建立了针对人和生态系统的环境危害程度分级标准.采用基于数学模型的模拟方法,结合苯储罐突发性泄漏事故,对苯泄漏速率、泄漏后在地表形成的液池的池半径和苯的蒸发速率进行了实时描述.采用改进后的重气扩散模型———箱模型(BoxModel)以及将连续泄漏看作连续的瞬时泄漏,模拟计算了地面附近苯蒸气浓度随时间和空间的分布,并根据文中建立的环境危害程度分级标准,对苯泄漏事故造成的实时动态环境危害进行了分析.

The dynamic processes of accident release of hazardous materials in tank area were analyzed and described by different types of models. The Maximum Allowable Concentration (MAC), the Threshold Limit Value (TLV), the Minimum Lethality Concentration (LC_(L0)), as well as the Ambient Multimedia Environment Goals (AME_(GAE)), which was established by industry environment laboratory of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), were inducted into environment risk analysis. The standards for environment harm degree aiming at protection of human beings and ecosystem were developed. Numerical real-time simulation was carried out to describe the release rate, pool radius and evaporation rate for benzene. Assuming the continuous release of benzene could be described as a series of instantaneous release and using improved box model, time dependent spatial concentration distribution of gaseous benzene above the ground was simulated. Using the standards of environment harm degree developed in this paper, the real-time dynamic environment harmness caused by benzene release was analyzed.