有限元法在汽车与护栏碰撞中的应用

The Application of FEM on the Collision of Automobiles and Barriers

护栏是重要的交通安全设施 ,汽车与公路护栏的碰撞是极其复杂的事件 ,涉及到人、车、护栏三方面的因素。模拟技术代替实物实验进行研究 ,可以弥补实验周期长、参数测量困难、实验成本高的不足。建立汽车与护栏的有限元模型并加以分析 ,然后与实际碰撞中的应力、应变、汽车和护栏的变形情况以及加速度进行比较 ,结果表明二者相当接近 ,所以有限元法可以用来模拟实物碰撞实验 ,指导护栏的设计 ,节省实物碰撞实验所需的大量时间和费用 ,为新型护栏的开发研究奠定基础。

The Barrier is an important device for the safety of traffic.An impact between a vehicle and a barrier is an extremely complex event and it involves all of the factors in human,the vehicle and the barrier. The simulation technique could replace the actual collision,and makes up for the perennial week of experiment,the difficulty of getting experiment data,and expensive cost price of collision.The finite element model has been built for automobiles and barriers,and the stress,the strain,the distortion and the acceleration between the FEM and actual has been compared.The results are very similar.Therefore,the FEM can be used to simulate the actual collision and to collision instruct the design of barriers.This should save the time consumed and the experimental cost significantly,and set the base for the future investigation of novel barriers.