儿童急性白血病的细胞遗传学研究

Studies on cytogenetics in childhood with acute leukemia

目的 探讨儿童急性白血病的细胞遗传学改变及其临床意义。方法 用染色体核型分析及姊妹染色单体互换 (SCE)技术检测急性白血病患儿的染色体特征。结果 患儿外周血或骨髓的染色体核型异常率分别为 31 % ( 9/ 2 9)、74 2 % ( 2 3/31 )。所检测的 1 8名急性白血病患儿的外周血SCE率明显高于对照组 ,P <0 0 0 1。结论 急性白血病患儿的染色体不稳定性增加 ,说明患儿的DNA受损 ,修复能力减低 ,为基因突变和癌基因激活引细胞癌变提供了条件。因此应尽力减少不良因素对染色体的损伤作用 ,以降低儿童白血病的发病率。

Objective To study the cytogenetic features and the clinical significance in childhood acute leukemia. Methods Chromosome characters were checked in 38 children with acute leukemia by using the karyotype and the frequency of the sister chromatid exchange (SCE). Results Chromosome aberrations were identified in 31%(9 of 29 cases)of peripheral blood and 74.2%(23 of 31 cases)of bone marrow cells for children with acute leukemia. The frequencies of SCE in 18 children with acute leukemia higher than normal group(P<0.001). Conclusion Chromosomal instability indicated the damage and reduced repairable ability of DNA in children with acute leukemia. These factors supplied conditions for gene mutation and canceration of cells. Therefore we shall reduce harmful effects to chromosome for cuted down occurrent rate of childhood leukemia.