2Moore EE, Cogbill TH, Malangoni MA, et al. Organ injury scaling Ⅱ: pancrease duodenum, small bowel, colon, and rectum. J Trauma, 1990,30 (11 ) : 1427 - 1429.
3Boffard KD,Brooks AJ. Pancreatic trauma-injuries to the pancreas and pancreatic duct. Eur J Surg,2000,166 ( 1 ) : 4 - 12.
4Wright MJ, Stanski C. Blunt pancreatic trauma: a difficult injury.South Med J ,2000,93(4) :383 - 385.
5Nadle EP,Gardner M,Schall LC,et al. Management of blunt pancreatic injury in children. J Trauma, 1999,47(6) : 1098 - 1103.
6Asensio JA, Demetriades D, Berne JD, et al. A unified approach to the surgical exposure of pancreatic and duodenal injuries. Am J Surg, 1997,174(1 ) :54 - 60.
7Carboni GL,Rothlin MA, Trentz O. Managmaent of pancreatic injuries. Unfallchirurgie, 1999,102(4) :298 - 304.
