巨大儿的气质特点和智能发育的相关研究

Study on the correlation between temperament and development of high birth weight infants and toddlers

【目的】 对巨大儿和正常出生体重婴儿在出生后 3 0个月内气质、智能和运动发育情况进行比较 ,探讨出生体重对婴儿出生后智能及运动发育情况、气质的影响 ,以及气质各维度和智能及运动发育指数的相关性。 【方法】 采用Carry儿童气质问卷《婴儿气质问卷修订版》(RITQ)和《幼儿气质评估表》(TTQ ) ,以及《Bayley婴儿发育量表》。 【结果】 ①巨大儿的气质分型、智能及运动发育指数和出生体重正常的儿童差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;巨大儿的各气质维度和出生体重正常的儿童比较差异也未见显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;②不同的分娩方式对巨大儿的智能和运动发育影响差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;③在 5～ 12个月年龄组中 :出生体重正常的儿童活动水平和运动发育指数(PDI)呈正相关 (P <0 .0 1) ,巨大儿则表现为节律性和运动发育指数呈正相关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;④在 12～ 3 6个月年龄组中 :出生体重正常的儿童活动水平和运动发育指数呈正相关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,趋避性和运动发育指数呈负相关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,坚持性和智能发育指数 (MDI)呈负相关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,巨大儿的趋避性和智能发育指数呈负相关 (P <0 .0 5 )。 【结论】 气质与儿童的发育水平存在一定的关系 ,应针对不同气质特点的儿童采用适当的抚养方式 ,最?

To find out the relationship between the high and normal birth weight newborn babies and the temperament, mental and psychomotor development at 30 months old. The temperament traits and levels of development were assessed in 127 high birth weight children, and in 349 normal birth weight children with Revised Infant Temperament Questionnaire(RITQ), Toddler Temperament Scale(TTQ) and Bayley Infant Development Scales(BIDS). ①There was no significant difference between the high birth weight and normal birth weight among the distributions of temperament type and the development index. Neither was in each dimension in two groups.②There was no significant difference in the development of high birth weight children, although they were born by different birth delivered methods.③At the age of 5 to 12 months, there was significant positive correlation between activity and psychomotor developmental index (PDI) in normal birth weight children ( P <0.01), so was the rhythmicity and PDI in high birth weight children ( P <0.05). ④In the normal birth weight children of 12 to 36 months old, there was significant positive correlation between activity and PDI( P <0.05). There was significant negative correlation between approach withdrawal and PDI ( P <0.05), so was persistence and mental developmental index (MDI). In high birth weight children of the same age, there was significant negative correlation between approach withdrawal and MDI ( P <0.05). [Conclusion] There are some relationships between temperament and development,so this relationship is not apparent and uncertain. Therefore, more appropriate ways in education to different types of temperament should be taken to benefit the intelligence development.