铅中毒儿童矿物质和微量元素的变化

Changes in minerals and trace elements in children with lead poisoning

【目的】 探讨儿童铅中毒对机体矿物质和微量元素的影响。 【方法】 选择来医院就诊的 10 2 0例 0～ 18岁患儿为研究对象。根据铅中毒诊断标准 ,将患儿分为铅中毒组和对照组。患儿血铅、血清钙、铁、铜、锌和镁的测定采用原子吸收方法。 【结果】 铅中毒组血清铜和锌水平 [( 17.17± 3 .61) μmol/L和 ( 14 .3 6± 2 .5 0 ) μmol/L]均显著低于对照组 [( 17.96± 2 .91) μmol/L和 ( 15 .2 7± 2 .3 6) μmol/L] (P <0 .0 0 1) ,并且铅与铜和锌均存在显著负相关关系。对各年龄组 ( <1岁、1～ 5岁、6～ 12岁、13～ 18岁 )的比较发现 ,铅中毒组 6岁以上患儿血清铜、锌水平均低于同年龄对照组 ,2～ 5岁患儿仅血清锌低于对照组 ;<1岁患儿的微量元素在两组之间无差异。 【结论】 铅中毒使儿童机体微量元素铜和锌水平降低 。

To investigate the effects of lead poisoning on the metabolism of minerals and trace elements. A total of 1 020 children aged 0～18 years were selected from outpatient department. Based on the diagnostic criteria for lead poisoning (blood lead ≥0.483 μmol/L), the children were classified into lead poisoning group and control group. Blood lead, plasma copper, iron, zinc, calcium and magnesium were assayed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In general, the levels of plasma copper and zinc [(17.17±3.61)μmol/L and (14.36±2.50)μmol/L)] in children with lead poisoning were lower than those [(17.96±2.91)μmol/L and (15.27±2.36)μmol/L)] in control group ( P <0.01), and the level of blood lead was both negatively correlated with plasma copper and zinc ( P <0.001). Furthermore comparison among children with different ages showed that under conditions of lead poisoning the decrease in plasma copper and zinc mainly occured in children aged 6 years or above, only decreased zinc level was seen in children aged 2 to 5 years and no changes in plasma copper and zinc were found in infants.[Conclusion] Lead poisoning can disturbe the metabolism of trace elements and decrease plasma copper and zinc. This will be helpful in prevention and treatment of lead poisoning in children.