小麦籽粒灌浆特性及其灌浆参数与粒重关系的分析

Analysis on Grain Filling Characteristics of Wheat Variety

用Richards方程对新春8号等6个春小麦品种籽粒灌浆过程进行拟合。对各品种的灌浆参数和速率曲线分析表明:新春6号、新春9号和Geleng为典型的强、弱势粒异步灌浆型品种;新春8号、宁春30号和新陇麦15为典型的强、弱势粒同步灌浆型品种。异步灌浆型品种强、弱势粒起始势之间差异较大,强势粒较弱势粒进入灌浆盛期早;同步灌浆型品种强、弱势粒起始势之间差异不大。灌浆过程的渐增期、快增期和缓增期3个阶段对总灌浆物质的贡献分别约占26％、45％和29％,但所需的时间在强、弱势粒和品种间有较大差异。渐增期灌浆速率与千粒重呈极显著负相关;快增期持续天数、缓增期灌浆速率和灌浆活跃期与千粒重呈极显著正相关;灌浆活跃期对千粒重的直接通径系数最大,延长灌浆活跃期对稳定和提高千粒重具有重要意义。

Richards equation was used to describle grain filling processes of 6 spring wheat varieties including xinchun 8. The determinations of all fitted equations were very high. Analysis of parameters revealed grain-filling characteristics of the wheats. These wheat varieties had different grain sizes, grain filling rates and gaps between superior and inferior grain positions, xinchun 6, xinchun 9 and Geleng were typical asynchronous type; But xinchun 8, ningchun 30 and xinlongmai 15 were typical synchronous ones. The differences of R_0 of asynchronous between superior and inferior grain positions were significant, its vigorous filling phase was early. However, the difference of R_0 of synchronous between superior and inferior grain positions was not significant. Three stages of grain filling contributed about 26% ,45% ,29% of the final dry weight respectively, but the needed times of three stages were variant for grain positions and among wheats. There was a significantly negative correlation between the grain filling rate of slightly increasing period and kernel weight;There was a significantly active correlation between grain filling duration( t_2 )of fast increasing period, grain filling rate( GR_3 ) of slow increasing period,active grain filling duration(D)and kernel weight. The direct paths of D vs kernel weight is maximum, lasting D is very important to secure and increase kernel weight.