湖北五峰高山野葱的土壤生态环境研究

Study on soil ecological environment of Allium chrysanthum Regel at high mountain area in Wufeng County

采用野外调查与室内分析的方法研究了湖北省五峰县高山野葱(A llium chrysanthum Regel)适生区域的土壤理化性状、微量元素含量及其对野葱品质的影响,以期为高山野葱资源的合理开发利用提供科学依据。结果表明,高山野葱适生区域的土壤pH值范围为5—6,表层土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷和全钾的含量范围分别为63.60-73.70g·k-1,5.10-6.38g·kg-1,1.86—2.51g·kg-1和21.11-26.61g·kg-1;表层土壤有效氮、磷和钾的含量范围分别为562.69～632.25mg·kg-1,5.46—7.89mg.kg-1和111.54～237.76mg.kg-1;高山野葱适宜在肥沃疏松的高山酸性土壤中生长,适生区域的表层土壤全硒、水溶性硒、有效铜和锌的含量分别为1.084-1.654mg·kg-1,0.065—0.079mg·kg-1,1.074—2.821mg·kg-1和10.275-12.707mg·kg-1,能够满足其生长需求。高山野葱体内的重金属和微量元素含量、农药残留量及有害菌群数量均低于无公害蔬菜质量标准。

Physicochemical properties and microelement contents of soil and their effects on the alpine Allium chrysanthum Regel in Wufeng County of Hubei Province were studied with field investigation and laboratorial analysis in the paper to provide scientific recommendations for the development of alpine Allium chrysanthum Regel resourceses. The results showed that the pH values ranged from 5-6 and the content ranges of organic matter, total N, P and K were 63.60~73.70g·kg-1,5.10~ 6.38g·kg-1,1.86~2.51g·kg-1and 21.11~26.61g·kg-1 at surface layer of soil respectively, the content ranges of available N, P and K were 562.69~632.25mg·kg-1,5.46~7.89mg·kg-1 and 111.54~237.76mg·kg-1 at the same layer of soil respectively, the high level of soil fertility and acid soil environment were helpful to the growth of alpine Allium chrysanthum Regel. The amounts of the total Se, water Se, available Cu and Zn, which ranged from 1.084~1.654mg·kg-1,0.065~0.079mg·kg-1,1.074~ 2.821mg·kg-1 and 10.275~12.707mg·kg-1 respectively, were rich for the growth of alpine Allium chrysanthum Regel at surface layer of soil. The contents of heavy metal, microelement, pesticide residue and harmful bacterial in alpine Allium chrysanthum Regel were all below the standard values of the public no-nuisance vegetables.