从儒学跌落到近现代哲学革命——中国近现代主流文化意识形态的转型

Decline of Confucianism and the philosophical revolution in modern time

中国近现代主流文化意识形态的转型氤氲于明末清初,它本来是儒学在社会实体的作用下所产生的自我蜕变和分化,所谓“理学”与“心学”、“理学”与“经学”、“宋学”与“汉学”、“实学”与“玄学”之争实际上都是儒学内部之争,它预示着儒学知识论的危机已到了革故鼎新之时了。这场纷争伴随着“中西学”之争,至鸦片战争后高潮迭起,经太平天国、戊戌变法、辛亥革命、“五四”运动等社会变革,儒学终于跌落,马克思主义异军突起。中国化马克思主义跃居为主流意识形态,标志着中国社会及其文化意识形态由传统向现代的转型。

The transformation of the main-stream culture and ideology in China began in the period during the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty. It is essentially the self-transformation and interior split because of the influence of social entity. The disputes between Neo-Confucianism and Mind Learning, Neo-Confucianism and Classical Learning, Song Learning and Han Learning, and Practical Learning and Metaphysics, are the interior arguments within Confucianism. The disputes forecast the coming of the reform of Confucianism. They, with that between Western learning, and Chinese learning finally lead to the decline of Confucianism and the growth of Marxism after a series of social movements as the Opium War, Taipin Kingdom of Heaven, Wuxu Political Reform, Xinhai Revolution and May 4th Movement. Marxism appears as the mainstream culture and ideology finally, which shows the transformation from the traditional to the modern in China.