溶液体系中的纳米金属粒子形状控制合成

Shape-Controlled Syntheses of Metal Nanoparticles

纳米尺度的金属粒子由于量子尺寸效应等原因而表现出不同于宏观金属块体的电学、磁学、光学和热学等性质。纳米金属粒子的性质不仅受到尺寸的影响 ,还与粒子的形状密切相关。不同形状的纳米金属粒子通常具有不同的表面结构和性质。近年来 ,纳米金属粒子的形状控制合成正受到越来越多的关注 ;其中 ,VIII族和IB族金属的研究已取得一定进展。本文评述了纳米金属粒子的合成以及尺寸和形状控制的方法 ,分别介绍了铂、钯、镍、金、银、铜以及钴等金属的形状控制合成的近期研究进展。

Nano-sized metal particles exhibit different thermal, electronic, magnetic and optical properties from those of bulk ones because of quantum size effect and so on. The properties of nanoparticles depend on not only the size but also the shape. Specially shaped nanoparticles generally have particular surface structures and properties. In recent years, shape-controlled synthesis of nanoparticles has been attracting more and more attention. The progress has been made for the study on subgroup VIII and IB metals. In this review, the syntheses of metal nanoparticles and methods of controlling the size and shape are introduced. Also, the recent investigations on the shape-controlled syntheses of nanoparticles are reported for Pt, Pd, Ni, Au, Ag, Cu and Co, respectively.