俄罗斯汉语教学与汉学研究的发端

The Inchoation of Russian Chinese Language Teaching and Sinology

俄罗斯早在彼得大帝时代已经认识到研究汉语的必要性,通过在俄罗斯本土开办的翻译学校和派驻北京的东正教宗教使团,奠定了汉语教学和汉学研究的基础。但由于当时俄国官僚政治的保守和短视,对汉语教学与汉学研究没有给予足够的物质支持。同时汉语教学方法落后,缺少掌握科学教学法的教师,汉语人才培养时间过长且出路不佳,使18世纪俄国的汉语教学与汉学研究规模不大且水平较低。

The necessity of studying Chinese has been realized in the period of Peter the Great. The basis of the Russian Chinese language teaching and Sinology was founded at that time. The translation schools in Russia and the Russian Orthodox Church diplomatic corps in Beijing played the important roles. But in the 18th century, the level of the Russian Chinese language teaching and Sinology was relatively low. And the scale was relatively small too. There were three factors mainly: the lack of the material support because of the conservatism and lack foresight of the Russian bureaucracy; the lack of the teachers who had the scientific teaching method; the training time was too long and there were not good outlets for the people who studied Chinese.