陆地棉铃形和纤维品质的遗传和相关研究

Analysis of Genetic Correlation between Boll Shape Traits and Fiber Quality Traits in Upland Cotton

采用加性 显性及其与环境互作的遗传模型 ,对 8个陆地棉亲本的F1代 15个组合的铃长、铃宽、铃长 /铃宽 (长宽比 )等 3个铃形性状以及 5项纤维品质指标的两年资料 ,进行了遗传方差分量分解和成对性状间的遗传效应的相关分析。结果表明 ,铃形性状和纤维品质性状主要受加性效应的影响 ,显性效应也有较大作用 ;铃长与长宽比的广义和狭义遗传率较铃宽的大 ,但均达到极显著水平。 5项纤维品质指标的广义和狭义遗传率也达到了极显著水平 ,但长度和强度的狭义遗传率明显大于其他 3个性状。铃长、长宽比的狭义遗传力较高 ,与纤维长度、强度间呈极显著的加性正相关 ,与麦克隆值为极显著加性负相关 ,可以利用铃形对陆地棉主要品质性状进行间接选择 ;在某些环境中 ,利用长宽比对绒长进行间接选择可望取得较好的效果。

Three boll shape traits and 5 fiber quality traits of 15 F 1 crosses of upland cotton were analyzed for their genetic variance components and genetic correlation coefficients between pair-wise characters by additive-dominance genetic model with genotype by environment interaction effects. The results indicated that boll shape traits and fiber quality traits were mainly controlled by additive effects and by dominance effects rather significantly as well. The broad and narrow sense heritablity estimates of boll length and ratio of length to width were larger than that of boll width,but all of them arrived at high significant level. The broad and narrow sense heritablity estimates of 5 fiber quality traits also arrived at highly significant level,among which fiber length and strength were more than that of other 3 fiber quality traits. The narrow sense heritablity estimates of boll length and ratio of length to width were relatively high,the additive correlation among the two traits and fiber length and strength were positive and highly significant,indicating that we can improve main fiber quality traits through indirectly selecting boll shape which was easy to manipulate in field selection. In some specified environments,better results might be achieved when ratio of boll length to width was used as indirect selection index in the course of improving fiber quality properties.