华南沿海热带-亚热带地区全新世环境变化与人类活动的关系

HOLOCENE ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES IN THE TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL AREAS OF THE SOUTH CHINA AND THE RELATION TO HUMAN ACTIVITIES

华南沿海地区全新世时期的气候在最温暖期大约比现在温度高出 1～ 2℃。许多钻孔揭示 ,在大约4 0 0 0～ 30 0 0aB .P .以来 ,华南沿海的气候环境发生了明显变化 ,包括气温下降、季节性降雨增强等 ,这些变化与中美洲的研究结果相对比 ,发现很可能与全球性的南方涛动增强有关。文章根据华南沿海新石器时期以来人类活动的特点 ,分析了自然环境变迁与沿海一带渔猎文化的兴衰 。

The mean annual temperature in the thermal maximum of Holocene in the South China was about 1 ～ 2℃ higher than that of the present day. Many investigations showed that a distinct climatic change occurred in coastal areas of the South China at 4 ～ 3kaB.P. The distinct character of this change are the decrease in temperature, increase in seasonality and stronger rainstorm in summer. Comparing with the high resolution result from the Cariaco Basin in northern Venezuela, the simultaneity of the climatic change in the two opposite tropical coasts of the Pacific Ocean indicates that the this event might be related to the increase in ENSO variability. The present paper analysed additionally the human impact on vegetation since the Neolithic age, discussed the rise and fall of the fishing-hunting culture and probed into the history of agricultural development and the disturbance of ecosystem.