流水下切的动力学机制、物理侵蚀过程和影响因素:评述和展望

DYNAMICAL MECHANISM,PHYSICAL EROSION PROCESSES AND INFLUENCE FACTORS OF FLUVIAL INCISION: A REVIEW AND PROSPECT

流水下切是指河流河道在基岩中的垂直切割。自 2 0世纪 90年代以来 ,由于对全球尺度的气候、地表过程和构造之间相互作用的认识 ,以及工程建设和天然资源管理决策的需要 ,流水下切成为构造地貌学的理论研究前缘。文章从动力学机制、物理侵蚀过程、三大外来变量构造、气候和基准面变化的影响 ,以及区分这些变量影响的可能性等方面 ,对流水下切研究的最新进展予以评述。

The term “fluvial incision' refers to vertical incision of stream channel into bedrock. Since 1990's, because of recent recognition of potential global-scale interactions among climate, surface processes, tectonics, needs of engineering constructions and critical land-use decisions the theoretical problems of bedrock channel fluvial incision have been brought to the forefront of tectonic geomorphology. This paper provides a review of the recent development of the research on fluvial incision from dynamical mechanism, physical erosion processes, influence of external variables, dealing with tectonics, climate and base-level change, and possibility of distinguishing their influences. The research of fluvial incision in the future will explore more scientific problems concerning both fluvial dynamics and geodynamics.