富营养化湖泊污染控制途径

Path on Pollution of Eutrophcation for Lakes

湖泊富营养化发生的机理复杂,但其基本原因则为人为活动的不当与管理失控。其污染源可分为始生源和次生源。防治湖泊富营养化与改善其水体质量应对始生源、次生源严加管理和控制。本文依综合整治理论与实践,对控制始生源所采用的点源截流、疏浚;面源则以沟塘工程,生物工程(发挥水生植物、动物的富集转化与湖泊生物带的拦蓄、防护功能)、管理工程等途径进行了充分论证,并阐述了其控制营养物质入湖的机制与效果。同时还在小试、扩试、中试的基础上对次生源中的可溶态 N、P 通过湖缘区培植的苇、荷、蒲等水生植物,发挥其净化与去除机制;利用粉煤灰、沸石、膨润土等物质在富营养化水体中发生的沉淀、吸附、絮凝、络合诸效应;以及对含高浓度 N、P 湖盆底层水抽出交换(补入等量清水);对底泥中蓄积的沉降态 N、P 进行压盖封闭或促其惰化等对策的安全、稳定、经济及有效程度均作了评价分析。

Basic on theory and practice of comprehensive treatment,in the paper,the ample evidence of starting pollution source control have been done on many ways for point—source by breaking in and dredging,and for face—source by channel engineer- ing,by bicengineering which plays founction in collective—transform of water plant and animal and in biological zone retain and protection,and on the mechanism and effect of controlling dischange of nutritive substances.And the evaluation of second source has been done on safity,steadity,income and effect,based on starting practice,intermidiate practice and enlarged practice in removing machanism and bio—purification of soluable nitrates and phosphates by cultivating water plant,like reed,lotus and calmus,at the edge of lake,by the effect of precipitation,absorption,flocculation and complexing of power coal ash,zeolite and expanded—wet clay in eutrophic water,by taking—out—ex- change water of lake bottom layer for high concerntration of nitrate and phosphates and by bockade and inert making for precipatated nitrates and phosphates in bottom mud. The viewpiont and countermove above have been accepted,examined and made sure partly by administrative.