国民党训政制度对孙中山训政理论的继承与背离

The System of Allocution in Kuomintang:Its Inheritance and Betrayal of Sun Yatsen’s Theory

国民党的训政制度与孙中山训政理论之间的关系非常复杂 ,既有继承的一面 ,也有背离的一面 ,要具体问题具体分析。概而言之 ,在“革命程序论”上 ,继承了孙中山关于从“军政”到“宪政”之间要有一个“训政”过渡期的思想 ,而背离了他在革命程序论中提出的训政时期所应实行的政治经济主要任务的主张 ;在“以党治国论”上 ,继承了孙中山在中华革命党时期提出的以党权代替政权的思想 ,而背离了孙中山 192 4年前后对“以党治国论”的修正和完善 ;在“五权宪法论”上 ,形式上搞了一个五院制的国民政府 ,但在实质上则背离了孙中山提出的权能区分、人民有权。

There existed a complicated relation between Kuomintang’s allocution system and Sun Yatsen’s allocution theory.Kuomintang inherited some of Sun Yatsen’s ideas but betrayed other ideas of Sun Yatsen.Kuomintang followed Sun’s idea that there should be a transitional government between military government and constiutional government,that is,the allocutional government,but diverged from Sun’s idea that in this transitional period the main task should be political and economic.It inherited Sun’s idea that party power could for a short while take place the power of the government but neglected Sun’s later amendments to his early theory.