康德对传统抽象论的批判及其意义

Kant’s Critique of the Traditional Abstract Ideas and its Meaning

抽象论是传统知识论中一个基本的立场 ,然而在《纯粹理性批判》中受到康德尖锐的批判。康德对抽象论的拒斥 ,旨在实现知识论上的“哥白尼式革命”。康德的批判突出了想象力、尤其是先验想象力在知识论中的核心地位。在康德看来 ,先验想象力生发了知识的两个主干 ,即感性和知性 ,确保了二者的联结 ,克服了传统抽象论关于实在论和观念论之间的疏离。康德对抽象论的批判具有深远的意义 ,对后世哲学产生了深远影响 ,首先在费希特的知识学中取得了实际效应。

idea is a basic standpoint in the traditional episteme-theory, but it was criticized acutely by Kant in “Critique of Pure Reason”. Kant denied the abstract-theory to achieve “the Copernican Revolution” in episteme-theory. Kant’s critique gave prominence to the core status of imagination, especially of the transcendental imagination. In opinion kant’s, it was the transcendental imagination that gave birth to the two central stems of the knowledge, namely sensibility and understanding, ensured their connection and conquered the alienating between realism and idealism in the traditional abstract-theory. Kant’s critique of the traditional abstract-theory had far-reaching meaning to the following development of philosophy, which firstly abtained the actual effects in epistemology of Fichte.