佛教戒律与唐代妇女家庭生活

Buddhist Disciplines and Women's Family Life in Tang Dynasty

信佛妇女在接受信仰的同时势必受到信仰的约束,这种约束也一定会对她们的家庭生活带来影响,而这种约束与随之产生的影响主要体现在她们的受戒遵戒上面。唐代在家信佛妇女受的主要是菩萨戒。唐代一些受了具足戒而出家的比丘尼与家庭的关系也值得注意,因为这种关系不仅意味着它也是一种家庭生活,而且还说明了出家妇女对家庭生活的依然参与。这些不仅和社会的环境、宗教本身等因素有关,而且也曲折地反映了妇女提高自身在家庭中形象地位的一种努力,即信佛妇女藉此在礼教的氛围中维护自身的尊严与人格。同时,还显示了中国佛教戒律的情理化。

The women who believed in Buddhism would be at the same time restricted by their faith, by which their family life must be influenced, while such restriction and its following influence would be chiefly embodied in their receiving of aad abiding by the disciplines and regulations. The women at home who believed Buddhism in Tang Dynasty chiefly received the discipline of Budhisattra. In Tang Dynasty, also to be noticed was the relationship between bhiksuni (who were completely disciplined and tonsured) and their families, because such a relationship meant not only that it was also a kind of family life, but also that the tonsured women still attended their original family life. All these facts were not only related to the factors such as social environment and the religion itself, but also tortuously reflected women's efforts to heighten their position in their families, i. e., those women who believed in Buddhism could maintain their dignity and integration in this ritual atmosphere. At the same time, it also indicated that the Chinese Buddhist discipline was reasonable.