试析非殖民化理论

On the Theory of Decolonization

非殖民化运动是殖民地和其他附属地通过斗争迫使宗主国改变政策 ,从而使得殖民地和其他附属地获得独立导致欧洲殖民帝国全面崩溃的一场运动 ,是 2 0世纪世界现代化进程中的一个重要组成部分。有关非殖民化理论的研究 ,西方学术界已有大量研究成果问世 ,主要有 4个学派或观点 :世界经济学派说、国际政治学派说、新殖民主义论和主动撤退论。其中不少见解颇有启发性和一定的科学依据 ,对我们的研究具有借鉴意义。但它们大都恪守西方中心论的立场 ,强调西方殖民国家在这一历史进程中的主动性和主导性 ,忽视殖民地人民的反抗斗争和民族独立运动的作用和地位 ,这些我们都无法苟同。

Decolonization is an integrated part of modernization of the process of the 20 th century in the world,in which the western metropolis was forced to changed their colonial policies,leading to the emergence of newly-independent countries in Asia,Africa and other areas and to the collapse of the western colonial empires,under the pressure of the nationalist movement in colonies and other dependencies. The western scholars have engaged in the study on decolonization for a long time,here are their four major theories: World Economy Perspective,World Polity Perspective,Neo-Colonialism Theory,and Voluntary Retreat Theory. Their Studies are of enlightening and scientific connotation. However,they over-evaluate the “positive and voluntary role' played by the western powers in decolonization,and neglect the role of the nationalist movement in colonies.