从欧盟扩大看GATT/WTO关于关税同盟补偿谈判的规定与实践

Viewing GATT/WTO Rules and Practice Concerning Custom Union's Compensation Negotiation from EU Enlargement

2004年5月,欧盟正式扩大到25国,其共同贸易政策自动延伸适用到新入盟国,导致部分关税税率升高和贸易政策趋严,给盟外其他WTO成员造成经贸利益减损。WTO其他成员有权根据GATT第24条、第28条以及关于解释这两条的谅解等规定,要求欧盟做出补偿性调整。本文对关税同盟补偿谈判的法律基础、主要内容、谈判程序和主体等进行了分析和探讨。作者认为,关税同盟补偿问题的妥善解决,将对区域经济一体化趋势下更好地维护多边贸易框架的合理性做出贡献。

On May 1 of 2004,EU enlarged from 15 to 25 member states and its Common Trade Policy automatically extended to the 10 acceding countries. It has caused higher rates of some tariff lines and more restrictive trade policies in the 10 new member states, bringing economic and trade losses to the other non-EU WTO members. On the basis of Article 24, Article 28 and their Understandings on the Interpretation of GATT, other WTO members are entitled to request EU to make compensatory adjustments. Combining practice and experience of the compensation negotiation concerning EU enlargement with relevant GATT/WTO regulations, this article provides analysis and exploration on legal basis, main contents, procedures and participants of the Custom Union's compensation negotiation. The author believes that an appropriate settlement on compensation concerning Custom Union's enlargement will make contributions to better maintenance of the rationality of multilateral trade framework under the circumstances of the process of regional economic integration.