美国国家癌症研究所(National Cancer Institute)——美国癌症研究和资助的主要机构

National Cancer Institute—the key organization of cancer research and foundation in US

美国国家癌症研究所(NationalCancerInstitute,NCI)成立于1937年,是国立卫生研究院(NationalInstitutesofHealth,NIH)历史最为悠久的研究所,也是美国癌症研究和资助的主要机构。通过立法及增加对癌症研究的投入,NCI在癌症研究领域取得一些成绩,使肺癌、结直肠癌、乳腺癌及前列腺癌的死亡率持续下降,另在胰腺癌、卵巢癌、白血病和甲状腺癌等肿瘤的诊断和治疗方面也取得了巨大成就。新近NCI制定了到2015年的奋斗目标“消除痛苦、减少死亡”,并将主要策略由“寻找进而破坏(seekanddestory)”转为“锁定并且控制(targetandcontrol)”。 为了实现上述目标,NCI提出必须加强基础研究,以利癌症的早期发现(discovery);以此为基础,将实验室的研究结果尽快用于临床,促进各种治疗措施的发展(development);加强癌症防治的公共卫生宣传,以利于健康资讯的发布(delivery)。本文将简述NCI的历史沿革、主要目标、组织结构、资金预算以及所取得的成就。

National Cancer Institute (NCI), the key organization of cancer research and foundation in US, wasfounded in 1937, and has made great progress in cancer research by legislation and increasing financial support.For example, mortality of the four most common cancers (lung, colorectal, breast, and prostate) continued todecline. Moreover, scientific achievements have been accomplished in the diagnosis and treatment of pancre-atic cancer, ovary cancer, leukemia and thyroid cancer. Recently, NCI have publicly issued the goal of NCI, i.e.to eliminate the suffering and death, and the primary strategy for treating cancer was changed from 'seek anddestroy' to 'target and control'. Critical to the goal above will be the collaborations and partnerships necessary to further scientific discovery,to translate that discovery into the development of better prevention, detection, and treatment methods, and todeliver that progress to all who are in need. This paper will sum up the history, the main goal, the developmentand the achievement of NCI.