北京市土壤侵蚀经济损失分析及价值估算

Value Estimation of Economic Loss of Soil Erosion in Beijing Region

利用环境经济学的原理和方法对北京地区土壤侵蚀所产生的危害给予了经济学的分析和估算,并对所使用的土壤侵蚀的经济损失估算方法做出了详细的介绍;同时对北京地区2001年度土壤侵蚀所带来的经济损失及治理收益进行了价值估算,2001年水土流失的经济损失总价值为22160.37万元,占当年农业总产值的10.35%,其中养分损失为14368.57万元,所占比例最大,占土壤侵蚀总损失价值的64.84%。水土流失经济损失最严重的区域是密云县和门头沟区,北京市平均每1km2的土壤侵蚀经济损失为1.35万元。通过估算在水土流失治理上大约每增加1元的投资,就能避免最少42元的经济损失;最后还提出了最优水土流失治理水平的设想,以供研究者在此方面进行深入的研究。

According to the basic principles and methods of environmental economics, the value losses of soil erosion in Beijing is analysed and estimated. The valuation methods also were summarized. The results indicated that the total loss value of soil erosion is 221 603 700 yuan in 2001. It is 10.35% of agricultural GDP of the year. The losses of nutrient, mainly including N, P, K and OM is 143 685 700 yuan and it is 64.84% of total losses of soil erosion. It's loss proportion is the greatest one in these valuated factors, the economic value losses of soil erosion in Miyun and Mentougou districts is the most serious in Beijing. Meanwhile, the paper concluded that the economic loss of soil erosion in Beijing is 13 500 yuan/km^2 in 2001. By valuation, the economic loss of 42 yuan would be avoided at least if we invested one yuan in soil erosion. At last, a new assume of optimization treatment level of soil erosion is made up with for the researchers to study it deeply.