公共政策手段的类型及其比较分析

Comparative Analysis of Different Types of Policy Instruments

公共政策手段是公共政策方案中引导或促使政策目标群体采取期望行为的具体措施。按照其发挥作用的机理 ,公共政策手段可分为三类 :规制手段、经济手段和宣传教育手段 ,它们包括多种具体形式。三类政策手段的效果不同 ,适用的条件也不同。它们各有长处 ,也各有其局限。在制定公共政策时 ,不应盲目地偏爱某一类政策手段 ,而应根据具体条件和情况在分析比较的基础上加以选择。

Policy instruments are specific tools that are designed to bring about expected actions of target population of public policies. Policy instruments can be classified by three types, which are regulatory instruments, economic instruments, and information instruments. Each type of policy instruments includes many forms of specific instruments. Each type of policy instruments has its advantages and limits, and is adapts to different situations and conditions. Adopting different types of policy instruments has different implications on effectiveness and costs of a public policy. In public policy formulation, a certain type of policy instrument is to be adopted on the basis of in-depth analysis of the situations and conditions and comparison of various types of policy instruments.