激励:动机的现实化和对象化

Stimulation: Actualization and Objectization of Motivation

动机能够对行为的选择、发动、维持、制止做出解释,成为行为发生的根据,这表明动机是激励的出发点和动力源;而激励是动机的唤醒方式与活化手段,没有激励的发生,动机可能是潜在的或静态的,这又表明激励是动机的现实化和对象化。学界对动机的探讨从未终止过,需要理论、成就理论、平衡理论和归因理论中都浸润着作为激励源的动机因子,这些因子又是解释激励发生的关键要素。

Motives cause the selection, occurrence, maintenance and restraint of behaviors and thus become the basis of behaviors, which shows it is the origin and source of stimulation; while stimulation remains an approach to arouse and activate motives, without such promptings, motives might be potential or inactive, so it also displays the actualization and objectization of motives. Academic fields never stop probing into the discussing of motives: the theory of demands, of achievement, of equilibrium and of attribution——all contain the motive factors of driving source which are the key to interpreting the occurrence of stimulation.