中国血吸虫病传播控制和传播阻断地区疫情回升情况分析

Study on the re-emerging situation of schistosomiasis epidemics in areas already under control and interruption

目的 分析中国血吸虫病传播控制和阻断地区部分区域疫情回升的原因。方法 收集1999～2003年全国血吸虫病疫情统计资料和部分疫情回升县的基本情况,采用回顾性研究方法,对资料进行相关分析。结果 16个血吸虫病传播阻断县、21个血吸虫病传播控制县疫情回升,分别占全国传播阻断县、传播控制县数的6.15％、33.33％,另有1个传播阻断农场疫情回升。6个县(农场)仅出现螺情回升,32个县病情、螺情均出现了回升。1999～2003年现有病例数、急性血吸虫病例数。钉螺面积、病牛数等指标呈上升趋势。结论 受洪涝灾害、水系灌溉、投入下降、思想麻痹等自然、社会和生态因素影响,达标地区疫情出现反复,应加强对传染源和钉螺扩散源头的管理和监测工作,尤其是传播控制地区。

Objective To study the current situation and the cause of schistosomiasis resurgence in order to provide reference for formulation of control strategy. Methods Data in 1999-2003 and baseline data in some areas were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results Resurgence was seen in 6. 15% (16/260) of the areas and one farm where transmission of schistosomiasis had been interrupted and 33. 33% (21/64) of the areas already under control. Snails appeared to have been rebounded only in six counties (farm) while in thirty two counties that rebound was seen in both snails and disease prevalence. Tendency of increase in the total numbers of patients, acute patients and cattle with schistosomiasis, areas with snails were seen from 1999 to 2003. Conclusions Environmental, ecological, societal factors such as flood, acequia, lack of expenditure and lack of incentives at work etc. contributed to the resurgence of epidemics in those areas that criteria had been reached. Surveillance and supervision on the sources of infection and snail diffusion, especially in the areas where the transmission of schistosamiasis had already been under control.