寒区水库冰盖形成与消融机理分析

Study on mechanism of formation and melting of reservoir ice cover in cold area

根据对黑龙江省胜利水库冬季冰盖十余年资料的研究,考虑冰盖与大气、水的热交换过程及水库水温变化对冰盖厚度的影响等因素,建立了寒区水库冰盖生长的一维数值模型并给出了求解方法。与传统经验法相比,此模型考虑因素多,计算结果更符合实际,精度较高。同时还探讨了水库冰盖消融阶段冰压力沿深度分布规律、累积日平均气温与冰厚的关系和水库开库方式与累积气温的关系等。

Based on the observation data a 1-D numerical model for formation of ice cover in reservoir is established and the calculation method is proposed. In the model the effects of heat exchange between ice and atmosphere and heat exchange between ice and water as well as the influence of reservoir water temperature on ice cover thickness are taken into account. The comparison of the calculation results shows that the accuracy of the proposed model is higher than the traditional empirical method. Furthermore, the distribution of ice pressure along the thickness,the empirical relationship between average atmospheric temperature and ice thickness and the influence of reservoir operation mode on melting in the stage of ice cover melting are also investigated.