食管黏膜碘染色图像和浅表食管癌及癌前病变组织学的关系

A comparative study of endoscopic image stained by iodine and histopathology in early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions (dysplasia)

目的 探讨早期食管癌和癌前病变的碘染色图像类型同组织学诊断的关系。方法 在食管癌高发现场 4 0 0 0人的食管拉网细胞学普查中 ,筛出 10 5 0例高危个体 ,其中 86 7例接受内镜检查。内镜检查时采用 1.2 %碘液黏膜染色 ,染色图像分为 4类 :第Ⅰ类 :深黄色 ,隆起感 ,边缘清楚嵌入状 ,退色后呈粉白色 ;第Ⅱ类 :中黄色 ,介于深淡之间 ,病灶平坦 ,边界清楚锐利 ;第Ⅲ类 :淡黄色 ,病灶平坦 ,边界清楚但不锐利 ;第Ⅳ类 :棕褐色。检查后按上述标准记录归类。黏膜病灶常规咬取活检 ,送病理检查。将染色图像类别同活检组织学诊断对照研究后 ,进行统计学分析。结果 食管浅表黏膜癌和重度不典型增生的 94 .4 % (6 8/ 72 )、中度不典型增生的 6 1.8% (73/ 118)和轻度不典型增生的 2 7.7%(35 / 12 6 )分布在碘染图像Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类之内 ,符合碘染后形成不同图像的原理和规律。结论 碘染后形成的不同图像与活检组织学诊断密切相关。恶变组织暴露的程度是形成各类图像的病理基础。碘染色有助于食管癌的普查。

Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the imaging patterns of endoscopy aided by iodine stain and histological diagnosis. Methods A balloon cytological screening was conducted in 4000 participants in high risk area of esophageal cancer in 1997 1998, 1050 out of these 4000 participants were confirmed as abnormal by cytology. Among them, 867 were given endoscopy examination during which mucosal stain with 1.2% iodine solution was used. The stain images were graded as four categories: Grade 1, dark yellow, protruding inlay like with clear borders and showing pink after discoloration; Grade 2, between grade 1 and grade 3; Grade 3, light yellow, flat lesion with clear but not sharp borders and Grade 4, dark brown color. According to the above criteria, the lesions were recorded and graded after the examination. The biopsies were taken from the unstained lesions and underwent pathologic evaluation. A comparison between the imaging patterns of endoscopy aided by iodine stain and histological diagnosis was evaluated. The correlation coefficient was estimated using Spearman′s Rank Correlation. Results 94.4% (68/72) of the superficial carcinoma and severe dysplasia, 61.8% (73/118) of moderate dysplasia and 27.7% (35/126) of mild dysplasia were distributed in the grade 1 and grade 2 of iodine stain images of which the patterns conforming to the principle and rule of formation of the image by iodine stain. Conclusion There is close relationship between the imaging patterns of endoscopy aided by iodine stain and histological diagnosis. The magnitude of exposure of the malignant tissue is the pathologic basis of formation of various images by iodine stain. Iodine stain greatly helps of early detection of esophageal cancer.