急性双光气染毒对兔肺泡和肺Ⅱ型细胞磷脂合成与分泌的影响

Effect of diphosgene-poisoning on phospholipid of alveolus and pulmonary alveolar type Ⅱ cells of rabbit

目的 研究日本大耳兔双光气肺损伤后 ,肺泡和肺Ⅱ型细胞磷脂的变化及机制。方法 将 35只纯种日本大耳白兔随机分为对照组 (10只 )、中毒即刻组 (5只 )、中毒 2h组 (5只 )、中毒 4h组 (5只 )、中毒 8h组 (5只 )、中毒 12h组 (5只 ) ;染毒浓度为 30 0 μg·L-1,中毒后按不同时间点放血法处死实验动物 ,取肺并用肺灌洗液对支气管肺泡进行多次灌洗 ,吸集灌洗液离心取上清 ,检测灌洗液中磷脂含量的变化 ;肺组织作冰冻切片 ,显微分光光度计吸收光谱法进行磷脂定量分析。结果 双光气染毒大鼠后 ,与正常对照组相比 ,实验组不同时间点的肺泡内磷脂含量明显降低(P <0 .0 1)。双光气致肺损伤初期 ,肺Ⅱ型细胞和肺泡内磷脂含量迅速下降 (P <0 .0 1) ,表现为磷脂分泌功能降低 ;染毒 2h后 ,肺Ⅱ型细胞内磷脂合成增加 ,分泌到肺泡内的磷脂也略有升高 ,但仍显著低于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ;染毒 4h后 ,迟发毒性反应加重 ,表明无论磷脂合成还是分泌功能都受到影响 ,虽然尚存在较低的磷脂分泌功能 ,但回升速度减缓 ;染毒 8h后 ,肺泡内的磷酯含量也呈降低趋势。随染毒时间的变化 ,肺Ⅱ型细胞内外磷脂含量呈对应性改变。结论 双光气中毒可造成肺泡Ⅱ型细胞合成、分泌磷脂功能障碍 ;肺损伤早期 ,肺泡表面活性物质含量减少 ,?

Objective To investigate the phospholipid changes and mechanism induced by diphosgene-poisoning in alveolus and alveolar type Ⅱ epithelial cells (ATEC) of rabbit. Methods Japanese rabbits were randomly divided into the control group and the after 0 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h groups of diphosgene-poisoning. The rabbits were killed after exposure to diphosgene (300 μg·L -1 ) for 20 min. The lungs were removed and laved to determine the changes of phospholipid level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BLF) and ATEC. Results After exposed to diphosgene, compared to that of the control group, the phospholipid levels in all trial groups at the different time point were higher (P < 0.01). The phospholipid in BLF and ATEC markedly decreased ( P<0.05 ) at the 2 h group, and then, slightly increased at the 4 h group. After 8 hour (both in BLF and ATEC were P<0.05 ), it finally gradually decreased. Conclusions The pulmonary surfactant-phospholipid synthesis and secretion of ATEC may be obstructed after exposed to diphosgene. The bronchoalveolus phospholipid decreases at forepart. The delayed injury of ATEC by diphosgene is one of main mechanisms of diphosgene poisoning.