实验性胸腹撞击伤动物模型的建立及其伤情特点研究

Establishment of experimental animal model of thoraco-abdominal impact injury

目的 探讨胸腹撞击伤动物模型的建立方法及其伤情特点。方法 采用钢球自由落体造成家兔胸腹撞击伤模型。比较伤前、伤后生命体征变化 ,动物死亡后即行尸解 ,详细检查和记录胸腹脏器损伤的类型、特点及严重程度等 ,并参照有关脏器损伤分级标准进行定级。同时行组织病理学检查。结果 实验动物分别于伤后 30分钟～ 2 4小时内死亡。死亡原因主要为失血性休克及合并伤。肝破裂、肺损伤和肋骨骨折的发生率均达 1 0 0 % (36 / 36 ) ;心脏损伤的发生率为 1 6 .7% (6 / 36 ) ,所有动物ISS值均大于 1 6分。结论本实验动物胸腹撞击伤的病理、类型、伤情与临床较为接近。本动物模型具有撞击设备操作简便、物理参数容易控制、撞击部位准确、重复性好等优点 ,为临床研究胸腹撞击伤的病理生理变化提供了良好的动物模型基础。

Objective To explore the establishment of experimental model of thoraco abdominal injuries model and its characteristic of trauma.?Methods The model of thoraco abdominal impact injury in rabbits was established with a steel ball falling down to the xiphoid process of animals.?The difference of the vital signs before and after trauma was compared.?After animals died,we gave them necropsy to investigate if there was visceral injuries and the types of injury.?The AIS was used to assess the severity of injury.?Pathologic examinations were done.?Results All the animals died 30min～24h after injury.?The rate of thoraco abdominal injury is 100%(36/36).?And the rate of heart injury is 16.7%(6/36).?All of the animals ISS is up to 16.?Conclusion The model of thoraco abdominal injury types and severity is similar to clinical patients.?The animals model is simple to be operated,physics paramete easy to be controled.?The impact location is accurate and the reliability is very good.?It is a good model for investigating the pathophysiologyic character of severy thoraco abdominal injury.