黑井明代瓦条的拉曼光谱研究

Raman Spectroscopic Study of Ming Dynasty Bar-Tile from Heijing of Lufeng

利用拉曼光谱并结合XRD和电子探针等技术分析发现 ,中国云南楚雄黑井明代瓦条的主要成分是SiO2 ,其中还含有月长石 (KAlSi3O8,属钾长石的变体 )、钠长石 (NaAlSi3O8)以及一种未知名矿物 (Al,Fe) 3(PO4 ,VO4 ) 2 (OH) 3·8H2 O等。月长石的存在 ,表明瓦条的烧结温度已高达 15 0 0℃ ,它说明云南明代陶器烧结工艺的技术已经达到了比较高的水平。此结果还显示了拉曼光谱所具有的独特优越性 :作为一种原位无损的检测技术 ,在辨别钾长石的变体———月长石方面 ,它具有简易性和可靠性 ,而其他技术却很难做到这一点 ;但拉曼光谱不能测出Fe的化合物存在 ,而电子探针和XRD能检测出Fe和Fe的化合物。文章表明 ,在科技考古中只有综合利用各种现代科技方法的优势 ,才能对古代文物作出比较全面的研究。

Ming dynasty bar-tile from the archaeological site of Heijing (Lufeng of Yunnan Province, China) was analyzed by Raman microscopy, X-ray diffraction and electron probe microscopy (EPMA). It was found that the major components of the the are SiO2, besides moonstone(KAlSi3O8 var. of K-orthoclase), Na-orthoclase(NaAlSi3O8) and an unknown mineral(Al, Fe)(3) (PO4,VO4)(2) (OH)(3) . 8H(2)O etc. The studies revealed that the agglomerant temperature of the bar-tile reached up to 1500 degreesC, indicating that the agglomerant technology of ceramics of Yunnan in the Ming dynasty (before 17 century) already attained a high level. Raman microscopy proves especially excellent in studing antiques. The results show that the facility and reliability of Raman spectroscopy, as a non-destructive unique technique, are suitable for the discrimination between moonstone and K-orthoclase within tile. No other technique tried was successful in its identification. This research demonstrates that only by combining several complementary techniques is possible to conduct comprehensive research on antiques.