犬用吡喹酮缓释药棒预防人、畜包虫病效果的流行病学评价

Epidemiological evaluation on the efficacy of the slowly released bar of parziquantel for dog use in the prevention of cystic echinococcosis in human and sheep

目的 评价大规模现场应用SRPⅢ型犬用吡喹酮缓释药棒预防人、畜包虫病的流行病学效果。方法 在新疆北部包虫病流行的农牧区有代表性的乡村 ,对 90 %以上的家犬皮下埋植吡喹酮缓释药棒 ,作为唯一的干预措施。以家犬细粒棘球绦虫感染率、小学新生血清抗体阳性率、7～ 16岁学生包虫病的患病率和 1岁龄绵羊包虫病患病率为指标 ,连续观察 4年 ,做出预防效果的评价。结果 家犬细粒棘球绦虫感染率实验前为 4 1 2 % ,埋植药棒后第二和第三年末均为零 ,第四年末为 2 98% ;小学新生血清抗体阳性率实验前为 4 1 2 3% ,以后逐年下降 ,至第四年末为 5 36 % ,同年对照区为 30 6 % ;7～ 16岁学生包虫病患病率实验前两个乡各为 1 6 9%和 1 89% ,三年后未检出新发患者 ;1岁龄绵羊包虫病患病率实验前为 4 4 77% ,第三年末为 10 6 6 % ,同期对照区为 4 6 38%。结论 SRPⅢ型犬用吡喹酮缓释药棒在家犬皮下埋植后的有效缓释时间可达 3年。流行病学监测结果证实以埋植这种药棒作为惟一的干预措施 ,在按规定的技术方案实施的条件下 ,可以完全控制人畜包虫病的传播。

To evaluate the efficacy of the slowly released bar SRP type of parziquantel in large scale for the prevention of cystic echinococcosis in human and sheep,this slowly released bars type SRP Ⅲ were planted subcutaneously in over 90% of dogs as the sole measure to control cystic echinococcosis in villages of agiricultural and pastoral areas in northern Xinjiang province with continuous observations for 4 years.The parameters for evaluation include infection rate of Echinococcus granulosus in dogs;positive rate of specific antibodies in pupils of 7 years old;prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in pupils of 2-16 years old and prevalence of echinococcosis of lambs within one year old.The results showed that the infection rate of E.granolosus in dogs before experiment was 41.22%,there were in 2 nd and 3 rd years after planting and was 2.98% at the end of 4 th year;The antibody positive rate in pupies of 7 years old was 41.23% before experiment.but this rate was gradually decreased after planting with this bar type SRP Ⅲ,and dropped to 5.36% at the end of 4 th year,while it was 30.6% in the control group for the same year.The prevalence rate of hydatid diseases in pupils aged 7-16 years old were 1.69% and 1.89% respectively in two villages before experiment,but there was no new patients could be found 3 years after experiment.The prevalence rate of echinococcosis in lambs within one year old was 44.77% before experiment,but it dropped to 10.66% 3 years after experiment,while it was 46.38% in the control group.It concludes that the period of efficient effect of planting with the slowly released bar with praziquantel may sustain as long as for three years after planting in dogs,and the application of this technique as a sole prophylactic measure may control the spread of cystic echinococcosis in human and livestocks.